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Measurement and Differentiation of Ligand-Induced Calmodulin Conformations by Dual polarization interferometry (DPI) (CAT#: STEM-MB-0385-WXH)

Introduction

In early drug discovery, knowledge about ligand-induced conformational changes and their influence on protein activity greatly aids the identification of lead candidates for medicinal chemistry efforts. Calmodulin is a low molecular weight, acidic, calcium binding protein which mediates the Ca2+ regulation of a wide range of physiological processes throughout eukaryotic organisms.




Principle

Dual polarization interferometry (DPI) is an analytical technique that allows the simultaneous determination of thickness, density, and mass of a biological layer on a sensing waveguide surface in real time. DPI focuses laser light into two waveguides. One of these functions as the "sensing" waveguide having an exposed surface while the second one functions to maintain a reference beam. A two-dimensional interference pattern is formed in the far field by combining the light passing through the two waveguides. The DPI technique rotates the polarization of the laser, to alternately excite two polarization modes of the waveguides. Measurement of the interferogram for both polarizations allows both the refractive index and the thickness of the adsorbed layer to be calculated. These measurements can be used to infer conformational information about the molecular interactions taking place, as the molecule size (from the layer thickness) and the fold density (from the RI) change.

Procedure

1. Setting of dual polarization interferometry
2. Preparing the DPI sensor chip
3. Immobilization of target on DPI biosensor
4. Reagent was injected to react
5. Quantitative analysis

Materials

• DPI biosensor
• DPI sensor chip