Phage Display Technology

Phage display is an important laboratory technique for the study of protein-protein, protein-peptide, and protein-DNA interactions that uses bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to insert proteins of interest within the genetic information that encodes them, displaying the target protein in vitro.

Since its creation, phage display technology has become an important research tool in biological research, fundamentally changing the traditional monoclonal antibody preparation process (hybridoma technology), and is widely used in antigen-antibody library establishment, drug design, vaccine research, and pathogen detection. With the continuous development and improvement of the technology, it has also evolved into a variety of display techniques, such as ribosome display, mRNA display, bacterial display and yeast display, etc.

Fig.1. The schematic diagram of phage display technology.

In this technique, a gene encoding a protein of interest is inserted into a phage coat protein gene, causing the phage to "display" the protein on its outside while containing the gene for the protein on its inside, resulting in a connection between genotype and phenotype. These displaying phages can then be screened against other proteins, peptides, or DNA sequences, in order to detect the interaction between the displayed protein and those other molecules. In this way, large libraries of proteins can be screened and amplified in a process called in vitro selection, which is analogous to natural selection.

Fig.2 The whole process of phage display technology.

• Construction of phage display library
  Aimed genes are inserted into the multiple phages by recombinant DNA technology so that the protein will be displayed outside of phage particles.
• Binding
  Immobilize the target proteins in the wells of the microtiter plate, and add the phage display library to it. In the process, the phage-displaying protein which can interact with the target protein bind on the plate.
• Washing and elution
  Phages unbounded to the target proteins can be washed away, and only those showing an affinity for the receptors are left. The left phages attached to the dish can be eluted and used to create more phages by infection of suitable bacterial hosts.
• Amplification
  Infect new host cells with those eluted phages to amplify the amount. Repeat the steps above (binding, washing, and elution) several times, further enriching the phage library in binding proteins.
• DNA sequencing
  The DNA within the interacting phage is sequenced to identify the interacting proteins or protein fragments.

• Large functional size with high diversity
• Allowing the automation of panning processes and the amplification of expression levels
• Convenient to cooperate with any species

• Analysis of protein binding properties
• Monoclonal antibody specificity profiling
• Analysis of protein post-translational modifications
• Establishment of antigen-antibody library
• Pathogen detection
• Gene therapy
• Research on host-microbe interactions
• Biomarker identification
• Cell signaling research

Electroporators

Electroporators increase membrane permeability so that new substances can be properly introduced. Offered in typical parameters of voltage, the appliances create an electrostatic field in solutions to allow macromolecule movement through provisional porous cell membranes.

Lab Automated Extraction Workcells

Extraction Workcells extremely simplify the process of separating pure nucleic acids and/or proteins from various natural resources. It is a reliable, automated system to automate the tedious, error-prone tasks in your protocols, with the flexibility to support frequent changes in your process

Pipettes

A pipette is a laboratory tool commonly used in chemistry, biology and medicine to transport a measured volume of liquid, often as a media dispenser. Pipettes come in several designs for various purposes with differing levels of accuracy and precision, from single piece glass pipettes to more complex adjustable or electronic pipettes.

Microtiter Plates

Microtiter plates are convenient, high-throughput tools for organizing tissue culture, PCR tests, or immunological assays such as ELISA, RIA, and FIA. Other applications for Microtiter plates include analysis of enzyme reactions and compound identification by colorimetric or spectroscopic analysis. A classic microtiter plate will have 96 or 384 wells, but a plate can feature up to 1536 wells.

Microplate Washers

Microplate washers are laboratory instruments designed to control the procedure of washing experimental samples arranged in plate-based formats. Users load a plate and select a program; microplate washers then dispense, soak and aspirate liquids from the plate in seconds.

DNA Sequencing Equipment

A DNA sequencer is a scientific instrument used to automate the DNA sequencing process. Given a sample of DNA, a DNA sequencer is used to determine the order of the four bases: G (guanine), C (cytosine), A (adenine) and T (thymine). This is then reported as a text string, called a read.

Laboratory Incubators

An incubator is a device used to grow and micro biological cultures or cell cultures. It is made up of a chamber with a regulated temperature. Some incubators also regulate humidity, gas composition, or ventilation within that chamber. An incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity, and other conditions such as the oxygen content of the atmosphere inside.

Laboratory Rockers and Shakers

A rocker or shaker is a piece of laboratory equipment used to mix, blend, or agitate substances in a tube or flask by shaking them. These important tools are used for a variety of applications including cell culture, DNA extraction, mixing reagents, and staining gels and blots. A shaker contains an oscillating board that is used to place the flasks, beakers, or test tubes.

Centrifuges

A centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal force to separate various components of a fluid. This is achieved by spinning the fluid at high speed within a container, thereby separating fluids of different densities. It works by causing denser substances and particles to move outward in the radial direction. At the same time, objects that are less dense are displaced and moved to the center.

STEMart provides you with a variety of equipment or consumables used in phage display technology to meet your various R&D and application needs. If you have any questions or requirements for phage display technology, please feel free to contact us.