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Determination of lead by Atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) (CAT#: STEM-ST-0153-WXH)

Introduction

Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is a shiny gray with a hint of blue. It tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements. Lead is toxic, even in small amounts, especially to children.




Principle

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is the emission of radiation energy in the UV-visible region from gas-phase atoms that have been excited to higher energy levels by absorption of radiant energy. Usually, a flame is used to obtain the atom in a gaseous state. It is a radiative emission process that proceeds from the lowest singlet (S1) to the singlet ground state(S0).

Applications

Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AFS) is an analytical technique that is primarily used to detect and quantify metals. It is an exceptionally sensitive technique that relies on exploiting the distinctive fluorescent spectra of each specific metal.

Procedure

1. Sample preparetion
2. Sample ionization
3. Detection

Materials

• Line Source
• Nebulizer-burner system
• Monochromators/Filters
• Detector, Amplifier, Readout