Nanocages are nanoscale hollow structures, typically made from metals or metal oxides, that possess unique properties due to their size and shape. They can encapsulate drugs, enzymes, or other molecules, making them valuable in targeted drug delivery and imaging applications in biomedicine. Their high surface area and tunable porosity enhance catalytic reactions in chemical processes, while their optical properties make them useful in sensors and photothermal therapies. Additionally, nanocages have potential applications in energy storage and conversion, such as in batteries and solar cells, due to their ability to facilitate efficient charge transport and surface reactions.