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Apelin Signaling Pathway Assay (CAT#: STEM-MB-0370-WXH)
Introduction
Apelin is an endogenous peptide capable of binding to the apelin receptor (APJ), which was originally described as an unprimed G protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and APJ are widely expressed in a variety of tissues and organ systems. They are implicated in different key physiological processes, such as angiogenesis, cardiovascular function, cell proliferation and regulation of energy metabolism. On the other hand, this ligand receptor is also involved in several pathologies including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Principle
Apelin exerts its physiologic and pathophysiologic functions through the interaction with its receptor APJ, in the autocrine or paracrine pathway.
Apelin and APJ are found to be highly expressed in various peripheral tissues, especially in the blood vessels, indicating that apelin/APJ plays an important role in angiogenesis and vascular formation. Apelin acts on and activates the APJ receptor. Activated APJ combines with Gi protein and PKC, phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Apelin/APJ signaling also activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway, facilitating endothelial cell migration. Active Akt stimulates the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase. Both cell events ultimately promote the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Liu C et al. also confirmed that this signaling pathway inhibits the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Apelin and APJ are found to be highly expressed in various peripheral tissues, especially in the blood vessels, indicating that apelin/APJ plays an important role in angiogenesis and vascular formation. Apelin acts on and activates the APJ receptor. Activated APJ combines with Gi protein and PKC, phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Apelin/APJ signaling also activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway, facilitating endothelial cell migration. Active Akt stimulates the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase. Both cell events ultimately promote the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Liu C et al. also confirmed that this signaling pathway inhibits the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Applications
Study the regulatory mechanism of apelin signaling pathway in clinical diseases
Study the influence of various human viruses on the apelin signaling pathway
Study the influence of carcinogenic drugs or therapies on the signal pathway of apelin
Study the influence of various human viruses on the apelin signaling pathway
Study the influence of carcinogenic drugs or therapies on the signal pathway of apelin
Procedure
• Luminex Multiplex Assay
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
• Flow cytometry (FACS analysis) technology
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
• Flow cytometry (FACS analysis) technology
Notes
Detectable targets: ANT, VDAC, Vav, IRF9, IRS1, MEK6, LDHA, Bax, TBK1, CrkII, IRSI-4, p50, LKB1, Grb2, mTOR, AMBRA1, SH2, p53, Shc, PDHK, MSK2, p38, TRAF6, TRAM, Erk1, LC3I, ISGF3, RIP1, p38MAPK, TRIF, PHGDH, PROLC3, CAP, TRAF5, MEK3, IRAK1, PFK, ULK, PI3K, Gab-1, IRF5, ISRE, ULK1, FIP200, VPS34, IRS2, Shp-2, PKR, c-Myc, TRAF3, UYRAG, MSK1, TLR3, , PTP, RIG-1, NFκB, p65, Tak1
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