TCBS agar (Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile Salts-Sucrose agar) is a selective medium designed for isolating Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus from clinical and environmental samples. Its selectivity relies on an alkaline pH (8.6) that promotes Vibrio growth while inhibiting other bacteria. The medium contains sucrose as a fermentable carbohydrate, allowing differentiation: Vibrio cholerae ferments sucrose, producing yellow colonies, whereas Vibrio parahaemolyticus (a non-sucrose fermenter) forms blue-green colonies.