Real-Time Study of DNA Structural Changes upon Interaction with Small Molecules by Dual polarization interferometry (DPI) (CAT#: STEM-MB-0394-WXH)

Introduction

Genomic DNA as the carrier of genetic information provides an important target for biomacromolecules (e.g., proteins) and small molecules (e.g., anticancer drugs). The binding of small molecules to DNA can interfere with the numerous processes in which DNA participates, such as transcription and replication. Therefore, much attention has been attracted by the investigation of DNA-small-molecule interaction. DNA can adopt various sequence-dependent structures, e.g., the right-handed B- and A-forms, the left-handed Z-form, and the G-quadruplex.2-4 The DNA structures always correlate with unique functions of DNA in the biological system.

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Principle Applications Procedure Materials Notes Related Products

Principle

Dual polarization interferometry (DPI) is an analytical technique that allows the simultaneous determination of thickness, density, and mass of a biological layer on a sensing waveguide surface in real time. DPI focuses laser light into two waveguides. One of these functions as the "sensing" waveguide having an exposed surface while the second one functions to maintain a reference beam. A two-dimensional interference pattern is formed in the far field by combining the light passing through the two waveguides. The DPI technique rotates the polarization of the laser, to alternately excite two polarization modes of the waveguides. Measurement of the interferogram for both polarizations allows both the refractive index and the thickness of the adsorbed layer to be calculated. These measurements can be used to infer conformational information about the molecular interactions taking place, as the molecule size (from the layer thickness) and the fold density (from the RI) change.

Applications

Study the interaction between DNA and small molecules.
Study how small molecules may modulate the structure of DNA.
Better understanding of the structure-function relationship.

Procedure

1. Setting of dual polarization interferometry
2. Preparing the DPI sensor chip
3. Immobilization of target on DPI biosensor
4. Reagent was injected to react
5. Quantitative analysis

Materials

• DPI biosensor
• DPI sensor chip

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