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Estimation of Viscosity Change during Milk Clotting by Rotating Viscometer Method (CAT#: STEM-PPA-0019-YJL)

Introduction

Milk is a very complex liquid and the change of its viscosity is a highly relevant property throughout conversion into other dairy products. <br />Enzymic coagulation occurs in milk as rennet enzyme is introduced in the liquid, causing casein-covered micelles to connect and form a gel matrix. The enzyme breaks the chain of the κ-casein molecules that are responsible for the micelles to repel each other, resulting in bonding of micelles. This process gradually changes the structure of the milk, turning it into a viscoelastic material, which affects the viscosity of the sample.




Principle

The principle of the rotating viscometer method to measure the force acting on a rotor (torque) when it rotates at a constant angular velocity (rotational speed) in a liquid. Rotating viscometers are used for measuring the viscosity of Newtonian (shear-independent viscosity) or non-Newtonian liquids (shear dependent viscosity or apparent viscosity). Rotating viscometers can be divided in 2 groups, namely absolute and relative viscometers. In absolute viscometers the flow in the measuring geometry is well defined.
The measurements result in absolute viscosity values, which can be compared with any other absolute values. In relative viscometers the flow in the measuring geometry is not defined. The measurements result in relative viscosity values, which cannot be compared with absolute values or other relative values if not determined by the same relative viscometer method. Different measuring systems are available for given viscosity ranges as well as several rotational speeds.

Applications

Mineral oil industry; Food industry; Cosmetic/pharmaceutical industry; Petroleum industry; Chemical industry

Procedure

1. Pour the liquid into the measuring cup.
2. Insert the spindle into the liquid.
3. Rotate the spindle and measure the resistance.

Materials

• Sample Type: liquid, gel-like, or semi-solid everyday substances