Determination of Fuel Concentrations in Flames by Polarized/Depolarized Rayleigh Scattering (CAT#: STEM-ST-0016-YJL)

Introduction

Rayleigh scattering is frequently employed in twodimensional imaging for temperature and mixture fraction measurements in flames. Mixture fraction is defined as the mass fraction of all atoms originating from the fuel stream, and it is a quantity of significant interest to turbulent flame modelers. To calculate mixture fraction, some measure of fuel concentration is required along with the Rayleigh measurement. Species-specific techniques such as Raman scattering or planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) have been used to determine fuel concentration; however, each of these approaches has associated drawbacks.

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Principle Applications Procedure Materials Notes Related Products

Principle

Resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) is similar to Rayleigh scattering in nature. Resonance Rayleigh scattering is a special elastic scattering produced when the wavelength of Rayleigh scattering (RS) is located at or close to its molecular absorption band. The key to generating RRS is: when the scattering is at or close to the absorption band of the scattering molecule, since the electron absorbs the electromagnetic wave at the same frequency as the scattering frequency, the electron strongly absorbs the photon energy due to resonance and re-scatters. Its scattering intensity is several orders of magnitude higher than that of pure Rayleigh scattering, and it no longer obeys the Rayleigh law of I∝λ-4. This absorption-rescattering process is called resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS).

Applications

Resonance Rayleigh scattering is used to the study of aggregation of chromophores on biological macromolecules and the determination of biological macromolecules such as nucleic acid, proteins and heparin, further, it has been used in the determination of trace amounts of inorganic ions and the cationic surfactant by means of ion association reactions with some dyes. In addition, it has been applied to the study of nanoparticles in liquid and the determination of β-cyclodextrin inclusion constant and the critical micelle concentration of surfactant.

Procedure

1. Sample preparation
2. Measurement by scattering detection instrument
3. Data analysis

Materials

Rayleigh scattering measurement system

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