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Determination of Four Tetracycline Antibiotics by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering (CAT#: STEM-ST-0022-YJL)

Introduction

TCs have broad-spectrum antibacterial function and are active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In recent years TCs have been widely used in pharmaceuticals and food additives. It is worth noting that a tremendous interest in the separation and analysis of TCs has occurred. Nowadays, several methods have been employed to determine TCs in biological specimens and/or pharmaceutical formulations, such as microbiological assay, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass (HPLC–MS), RRS spectra, thin-layer chromatographic (TLC), ultraviolet spectrophotometric (UV–vis) method, electrochemistry and capillary electrophoresis method.




Principle

Resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) is similar to Rayleigh scattering in nature. Resonance Rayleigh scattering is a special elastic scattering produced when the wavelength of Rayleigh scattering (RS) is located at or close to its molecular absorption band. The key to generating RRS is: when the scattering is at or close to the absorption band of the scattering molecule, since the electron absorbs the electromagnetic wave at the same frequency as the scattering frequency, the electron strongly absorbs the photon energy due to resonance and re-scatters. Its scattering intensity is several orders of magnitude higher than that of pure Rayleigh scattering, and it no longer obeys the Rayleigh law of I∝λ-4. This absorption-rescattering process is called resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS).

Applications

Resonance Rayleigh scattering is used to the study of aggregation of chromophores on biological macromolecules and the determination of biological macromolecules such as nucleic acid, proteins and heparin, further, it has been used in the determination of trace amounts of inorganic ions and the cationic surfactant by means of ion association reactions with some dyes. In addition, it has been applied to the study of nanoparticles in liquid and the determination of β-cyclodextrin inclusion constant and the critical micelle concentration of surfactant.

Procedure

1. Sample preparation
2. Measurement by scattering detection instrument
3. Data analysis

Materials

Rayleigh scattering measurement system