CX3C Subfamily Detection Service (CAT#: STEM-MB-0262-WXH)

Name: CX3C Subfamily Detection Service
SKU: STEM-MB-0262-WXH
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Introduction

According to the different distribution of cysteine residues, scientists divided chemokines into four main subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C, and XC. Among them, the structure of the CX3C chemokine is that there are three amino acids between two cysteine, which is called CX3C chemokine (or d-chemokine). The only CX3C chemokine discovered to date is called fractalkine (or CX3CL1). It can both secrete and bind to the surface of cells that express it, so it is both a chemotactic agent and an adhesion molecule.

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Principle Applications Procedure Notes

Principle

CX3C chemokines have a CX3C receptor, CX3CR1, which is the receptor for fractalkine. Through in-depth research on it, scientists found that its downstream signaling mechanism is similar to other subgroups, and it is through the binding of chemokines to chemokine receptors on the surface of target cells, which then activates the intracellular coupling of G protein to cause G Protein subunits are released. Free G protein subunits activate phospholipase C (PLC). The activated phospholipase C cleaves phosphatidylinositol (4,5) -diphosphate (PIP2) into inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol ( DAG). Among them, IP3 can cause changes in intracellular calcium ions and subsequent signal transduction, while DAG can activate protein kinase C (PKC). These events can promote subsequent cascades of related intracellular signals that ultimately cause the adhesion and migration of leukocytes.

Applications

Stimulate the migration of cells.
Analyze the function of chemokines, from intracellular transport to signal transduction activities.
Study the relationship between chemokines and the mechanism of occurrence and metastasis of various diseases. For example, it plays a role in the production and differentiation of immune cells and bone marrow hematopoietic cells, development regulation and immune response regulation.
Develop new anti-inflammatory drugs based on the physiological functions of chemokines.