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Investigation into the use of carbon isotope ratios (13C/12C) of Scotch whisky congeners to establish brand authenticity by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CAT#: STEM-ST-0072-LJX)

Introduction

Volatile congeners of whisky have been analysed by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, n-propanol, isobutanol and amyl alcohol from a popular blended whisky have been separated using established GC conditions and their δ13C%. values determined. Eight samples of the whisky blend taken over the last 2 years of production have been analysed to allow the authentic range to be determined. A radar diagram has been used to graphically represent the δ13C%. data. This was used as a simple means of comparing the carbon isotope profiles of whiskies. Two other whisky samples were analysed and shown to differ from the whisky blend on the basis of the δ13C values.




Principle

Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) leverages magnetic sector mass spectrometry to enable high-precision measurement of the stable isotope content of a sample. Typical measurements target hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen analyses—although elements with masses up to and including sulfur can be measured. Solid, liquid, or gas phase samples are converted to simple gases then introduced to the IRMS. During analysis, an electron impact source ionizes sample-derived gas which is then accelerated down a flight tube, separated by mass, and quantified using a series of Faraday cups. The high precision of IRMS enables enumeration of even very small isotopic fractionation associated with physical, chemical, and biological transformations or natural abundance measurements.

Applications

For explaining the detailed molecular mechanisms behind biological processes
For understanding and quantifying nutrient and material exchanges between ecosystems
For providing ultra-precise stable isotope analyses
For understanding the geological history of the Earth
For food authenticity, forensic science, medical research and anti-doping testing

Procedure

1. Fill the reaction tube and install it, connect the gas path
2. Check for helium leaks
3. Heat up the reactor, wait for the reaction tube to burn stable, adjust the state of the equipment
4. Wrap the sample in a tin cup and test the sample
5. Store and process data

Materials

• Sample Type:
Whisky

Notes

1.The approach is also valuable for quantifying the reactivity and progression of an applied stable isotope tracer to help determine reaction rates and final disposition of applied substrates.
2.IRMS offers a way of measuring isotopic variations with extremely high levels of accuracy. It can be used to detect isotope values of lighter elements with no issues, making it instrumental in the analysis of organic and natural samples.